Graian Alps

The Graian Alps (Latin:: Alpes Graiæ ; French: Alpes grées [alp ɡʁe]; Italian: Alpi Graie [ˈalpi ˈɡraːje]) are a mountain range in the western part of the Alps, and the name of an Antic Rome province.

Etymology

The name Graie comes from the Graioceli Celtic tribe, which dwelled in the area surrounding the Mont Cenis pass and the Viù valley. Other sources claim that the name comes from the Celtic Graig meaning "rock" or "stone", literally the Rocky Mountains.

The name of the Antic Rome province comes from the local celtic god Graius.

Geography

The Graian Alps are located in France (Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes), Italy (Piedmont and the Aosta Valley), and Switzerland (western Valais).

The French side of the Graian Alps is drained by the river Isère (Tarentaise valley) and its tributary Arc (Maurienne valley), and by the Arve. The Italian side is drained by the rivers Dora Riparia, Dora Baltea, Orco and Stura di Lanzo, tributaries of the Po.

The Graian Alps can also be divided into the following four groups:

the Mont Blanc group (north of the Little St Bernard Pass), including the Beaufortain Massif
the Central group (the watershed between the Little St Bernard Pass and the Col du Mont Cenis)
the Western or French group,
and the Eastern or Italian group, including the Gran Paradiso Massif.

Peaks

The main peaks of the Graian Alps are:

Mont Blanc group

Central group

It also includes Roche Michel at 3429 m.

Eastern group

Western group

Passes

The main passes of the Graian Alps are shown in the table below. The group in which the pass is located is indicated with "MB" for Mont Blanc group, "C" for Central group, "E" for Eastern group, and "W" for Western group.

Nature conservation

The western group contains the Vanoise National Park, established in 1972 and covering 1,250 km² (480 sq mi) the eastern group contains the Gran Paradiso National Park, the oldest Italian national park. Also on the Italian side is located the Parco Regionale del Monte Avic, a nature park of 5,747 ha established by Regione Valle d'Aosta.

Maps

Italian official cartography (Istituto Geografico Militare - IGM); on-line version: www.pcn.minambiente.it
French official cartography (Institut Géographique National - IGN); on-line version: www.geoportail.fr
Swiss official cartography (Swiss Federal Office of Topography - Swisstopo); on-line version: map.geo.admin.ch

References

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Alps". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 742–743.